What is the angular effect also known as?

The angular effect is also known as the cosine effect, which refers to the way an object's distance and the angle of detection can influence the accuracy of measurements in radar and lidar systems. When the angle between the sensor and the target increases, the effective area that the sensor can accurately detect diminishes. This effect illustrates that when a target is approached at an angle rather than head-on, the measurement readings can be less reliable or diminished due to the cosine function, which expresses the relationship between the angle and the effective measurement.

Understanding this effect is crucial for correctly interpreting data from these sensors, particularly in applications that involve varying distances and angles to moving or stationary objects. The other options pertain to different optical phenomena or physical principles that do not directly relate to the angle of detection in the context of radar and lidar systems.